近日，中国通量观测研究网络（ChinaFLUX）在国际学术期刊Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (Q1, IF=6.2) 上发布20周年专刊“Carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes of terrestrial ecosystems in China”，专刊讨论了中国陆地生态系统碳、水和能量通量的变异、主要驱动因素和调控机制等问题。研究结果揭示了中国大陆尺度的碳水能量通量和关键生态系统功能性状的空间格局，探讨了这些通量如何响应环境变化和人类活动。

生态系统与大气间的碳、水和能量交换是生物圈生物地球化学循环和生物物理过程的核心，不仅决定了生态系统物质生产、水源涵养、养分固持等生态系统功能，还影响着区域和全球的气候系统、自然资源及生态环境变化。近几十年来，在气候变化和人类活动的影响下，陆地生态系统的碳水循环和能量平衡发生了显著变化，这些过程的时空演变和驱动因素以及相应的资源环境效应是生态学研究的重要领域，也是制定环境政策的科学基础。

生态系统碳、水和能量交换过程不仅高度耦合，并且这种耦合随着时间尺度、气候和生态系统类型而变化。认知这些耦合过程的动态演变及其相互作用，需要开展系统性的长期野外观测。涡度相关协方差技术是在生态系统尺度上定量测定生态系统碳、水和能量交换过程的国际标准方法，在过去三十年中得到了广泛使用。涡度相关通量观测技术的不断发展推动了北美和南美(AmeriFlux)、欧洲(EuroFlux和CarboEurope)、亚洲(ChinaFLUX和AsiaFlux)、澳大利亚(OzFlux)和全球(FLUXNET)通量网络的建立。中国通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX) 是于2002年建立的一个国家尺度的陆地生态系统碳、氮、水和能量通量系统监测网络，现已成为AsiaFlux和FLUXNET的重要组成部分。

ChinaFLUX长期致力于温室气体通量、环境因子和生态过程的系统化观测。目前，ChinaFLUX拥有80多个观测站点(24个森林、18个草地、18个农田、15个湿地、2个荒漠、2个灌木、1个城市和1个湖泊站点)，覆盖了我国主要的生态系统类型，和从热带到寒温带的不同气候区。ChinaFLUX在我国主要气候区和生态系统类型中开展了长达二十年的连续观测，为量化我国生态系统碳、水和能量通量的时空变异及其对环境变化的响应提供了强有力的科学认知和数据支撑。

基于ChinaFLUX20年的生态系统通量和环境要素观测，该专刊重点回答了以下三大科学问题：

(1)   生态系统的碳、水和能量通量及其相互作用在不同的生物群系间如何变异？

(2)   中国典型生态系统类型的碳、水和能量通量的季节和年际变异及其主要驱动因素是什么？

(3)   环境变化和人类活动如何影响生态系统碳、水和能量通量？

    专刊基于ChinaFLUX20年来积累的通量数据，在大陆尺度上揭示了中国碳水通量和主要生态系统功能性状的空间格局，以及这些通量如何响应环境变化和人类活动。结果表明，近20年来，环境变化和人类活动对中国陆地生态系统碳、水和能量通量产生了显著影响。

同时，ChinaFLUX在《中国科学数据》期刊上发表了20周年数据专刊，相关数据集发布于国家生态科学数据中心，为我国的资源环境和生态学研究、生态安全评估、生态环境保护、区域生态治理以及应对气候变化决策制定提供可靠数据支撑。

ChinaFLUX二十周年系列研究成果和数据集的发布将在提升我们对当前和未来气候条件下生态系统功能的理解中长期作出贡献，并持续推进我国科学数据的交流与共享！

《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》专刊链接：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/agricultural-and-forest-meteorology/special-issue/10N4RK5CDS3

《中国科学数据》数据专刊链接:

http://csdata.org/p/paper_search/?content_type_ids=766

专刊论文： 

1. Yu, G. R. et al., Carbon, water and energy fluxes of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109890 (主旨论文)

2. Chen, L.F. et al., The long-term effects of thinning on soil respiration vary with season in subalpine spruce plantations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109756.

3. Dou, X. J. et al., High spatial variability in water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems throughout China is predominated by biological factors. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109834.

4. Guo, X. N. et al., Dynamics and biophysical controls of nocturnal water loss in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropland: a multi-temporal scale analysis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109701

5. Li, X. et al., Stronger control of surface conductance by soil water content than vapor pressure deficit regulates evapotranspiration in an urban forest in Beijing, 2012–2022. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109815.

6. Lin, Y. et al., Spatial patterns of light response parameters and their regulation on gross primary productivity in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109833.

7. Liu, W. H. et al., Importance of the memory effect for assessing interannual variation in net ecosystem exchange. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109691.

8. Liu, Z. G. et a., Precipitation consistently promotes, but temperature oppositely drives carbon fluxes in temperate and alpine grasslands in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109811.

9. Ma, L. X. et al., Cascade effects of climate and vegetation influencing the spatial variation of evapotranspiration in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109826.

10. Sun, M. Y. et al., Climate-shaped vegetation dominated the spatial pattern of the Bowen ratio over terrestrial ecosystems in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorolog, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109816.

11. Wang, J. L. et al., Ecosystem carbon exchange across China’s coastal wetlands: spatial patterns, mechanisms, and magnitudes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109859.

12. Wang, L. H. et al., Seasonal patterns of carbon and water flux responses to precipitation and solar radiation variability in a subtropical evergreen forest, South China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109760.

13. Wang, T. X. et al., Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on carbon allocation and vegetation carbon turnover time of forest eco-systems in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109853.

14. Wang, T. et al., Time-lag effects of flood stimulation on methane emissions in the Dongting Lake floodplain. China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109677.

15. Wang, Y. B. et al., Seasonal variations and drivers of energy fluxes and partitioning along an aridity gradient in temperate grasslands of Northern China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109736.

16.You, C. H. et al., Inner Mongolia grasslands act as a weak regional carbon sink: a new estimation based on upscaling eddy covariance observations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109719.

17. Yue, Z. W. et al., Seasonal variations and driving mechanisms of CO2 fluxes over a winter-wheat and summer-maize rotation cropland in the North China plain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109699.

18. Zhang, T. et al., Analysis of the optimal photosynthetic environment for an alpine meadow ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109651

19. Zhang, T. et al., Drought-induced resource use efficiency responses in an alpine meadow ecosystem of northern Tibet. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109745.

20. Zhao, W. et al., The temporal response of soil respiration to environment differed from that on spatial scale. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109752.

21. Zhou, H. X. et al., Spatiotemporal characteristics of evaporation in China and its response to revegetation in a typical region by a generalized complementary approach. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109700

22. Zhu, X.J. et al., Ecosystem responses dominate the trends of annual gross primary productivity over terrestrial ecosystems of China during 2000–2020. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agrformet.2023.109758.