| 英文摘要： |
The Hequ region of the upper Yellow River, eastern Tibetan Plateau, was selected as a case study for evaluating the artificial precipitation enhancement (APE) performance and for optimizing site selection. The distinctive precipitation-runoff process at large scale and in complex land surfaces and soil conditions was relatively considered in high-altitude cold regions. A comprehensive approach, combining precipitation regression analysis and a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) semidistributed hydrological model, was proposed to improve artificial precipitation enhancement. First, a historical precipitation regression formula was established for the Hequ region and the Banma-Aba region during 1969-1996 and then applied to quantify the precipitation effect of APE during 2016-2017 in the Hequ region. The artificial and natural precipitation datasets were used to drive the SWAT model, and the model results were compared to evaluate the runoff effect of APE. Finally, the spatial distribution of the runoff coefficient was used to determine the optimal site selection for APE. From late May to September, the natural precipitation was 381.7 mm, and the increased precipitation of 52.9 mm led to the runoff increase of 539 million m(3) over the operation area of 20,565 km(2) in 2016; from late May to August, the natural precipitation was 377.7 mm, and the increased precipitation of 81.7 mm led to the runoff increase of 699 million m(3) over the operation area of 13,482 km(2) in 2017. Areas with high runoff coefficients were distributed in the southwestern Hequ region. The optimal sites of APE are concentrated in the Tangke region and Mentang surrounding area; the high-altitude areas (3753-5318 m) and high-water-yield land cover regions should be given priority. This study provides an objective evaluation method of APE precipitation and runoff effects and a practical suggestion for improving APE by optimizing site selection in high-altitude cold regions. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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