| 摘 要： |
Urban evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential part of the hydrological cycle. A complete understanding of urban ET is necessary to understand the interaction between the atmosphere and the urban surface. However, estimating urban ET is challenging due to the influence of urban surface heterogeneity and human activities in urban areas. Therefore, this paper proposed an improved multisource parallel model (PM-urban) based on the Penman Monteith model, which is suitable for the ET estimation for the underlying surface of the city. The PM-urban model takes into account the violent human activities in the city, and its main characteristics are: (1) the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) was included in the surface energy balance formula; (2) The building water dissipation was considered. In this paper, taking Shenzhen, one of the cities with the fastest urbanization process globally, as an example, seven urban ET maps of Shenzhen were generated using Landsat 8 images. The model was verified using pan evaporation data corrected by complementary relationships. The results showed that: (1) The ET of each land use type has the following relationship: water body > vegetation > bare soil > no building impervious surface, and the value of building water dissipation varies due to the height and type of buildings significant; (2) The PM-urban model that considers AHF is better than the original model that ignores AHF; (3) This model can describe the characteristics of urban ET well and explain the phenomenon of high water consumption in cities. Our research results provide a new perspective for calculating the urban ET, which can be applied to urban management, planning, and reducing the urban heat island effect. |
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