| 摘 要： |
Micro/nano-robots (MNRs) provide an efficient, environmentally friendly potential solution for environmental pollutant removal due to their small size, robust controllability, swarm behavior, and recyclability. However, summary on MNR application in pollutant removal from environmental media is limited. This review summarizes progress in MNR applications in water and soil pollutant removal, as well as solid waste harmless treatment. Analysis of driving mechanisms (chemically driven systems and externally powered systems), synthesis strategies, and removal principles are provided; discussions on limitations and future trends in the field of environmental pollutant removal are also included. MNRs are effective in water purification, soil treatment and solid waste harmlessness, boasting over 90% efficiency for heavy metals, peak 100% for microplastics, and generally above 50% for organic pollutants. However, there remain some restrictions such as scalability limitation, frictional resistance in solid surface, and swarm control complexity. Future research should focus on surface functionalization design, high-performance nanomotor creation, and intelligent control system development to promote further MNR applications and development in environmental treatment. |
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