| 摘 要： |
As awareness of human health increases, the chemical composition of bottled water has gained significant attention. Although China is the world's second-largest bottled water market, research on its composition and health characteristics remains limited. This study collected 83 bottled water samples from 51 best-selling brands (46 domestic and 5 imported), covering over 90 % of the Chinese bottled water market. The content of 38 elements in the samples was analyzed using ICP-MS and ICP-OES techniques. While 97.6 % of the samples meet Chinese drinking water standards, only 27.7 % are suitable for infants and toddlers. The samples were classified into four categories: natural mineral water (53.0 %), natural low-mineral water (38.6 %), purified water (6.0 %), and artificially mineralized water (2.4 %). Natural mineral water samples were further classified into Se-type (8.4 %), H2SiO3-type (9.6 %), Sr-type (14.5 %), and Complex-type (38.6 %). 98.7 % of natural waters (both natural mineral water and natural low-mineral water) met the hardness requirements of Chinese drinking water standards. 31.6 % of samples labeled as natural water, with lower H2SiO3 content, were suspected to be artificially mineralized. Consuming mineral water allows adults to intake more minerals. However, long-term consumption of mineral water may lead to excessive intake of specific elements, such as Mo. The health risks associated with heavy metals in 98.7 % of the natural water samples were extremely low, except for one Se-Sr mineral water sample, which posed a health risk mainly due to As. This study offers valuable insights into the elemental composition and associated health risks of bottled water in China. |
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